Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1)-dependent Recruitment of Origin Recognition Complex (Orc) on oriP of Epstein-Barr Virus with Purified Proteins

Origin recognition complex (Orc) plays an essential role in directing assembly of prereplicative complex at selective sites on chromosomes. However, Orc from vertebrates is reported to bind to DNA in a sequence-nonspecific manner, and it is still unclear how it selects specific genomic loci and how Cdc6, another conserved AAA+ factor known to interact with Orc, participates in this process. Replication from oriP, the latent origin of Epstein-Barr virus, provides an excellent model system for the study of initiation on the host chromosomes because it is known to depend on prereplicative complex factors, including Orc and Mcm. Here, we show that Orc is recruited selectively at the essential dyad symmetry element in nuclear extracts in a manner dependent on EBNA1, which specifically binds to dyad symmetry. With purified proteins, EBNA1 can recruit both Cdc6 and Orc independently on a DNA containing EBNA1 binding sites, and Cdc6 facilitates the Orc recruitment by EBNA1. Purified Cdc6 directly binds to EBNA1, whereas association of Orc with EBNA1 requires the presence of the oriP DNA. Nuclease protection assays suggest that Orc associates with DNA segments on both sides adjacent to the EBNA1 binding sites and that this process is stimulated by the presence of Cdc6. Thus, EBNA1 can direct localized assembly of Orc in a process that is facilitated by Cdc6. The possibility of similar modes of recruitment of Orc/Cdc6 at the human chromosomal origins will be discussed. Background: Enzymatic studies on the steps of mammalian DNA replication with purified proteins are essential to elucidate its mechanisms. Results: Association of Orc with oriP requires EBNA1 and is stimulated by Cdc6 directly interacting with EBNA1. Conclusion: EBNA1 recruits Cdc6/Orc at oriP, permitting site-specific assembly of pre-RC. Significance: This study provides novel insight into a mechanism for initiation of mammalian DNA replication with purified factors.