Regional gene expression analysis of multiple tissues in an experimental animal model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis

Summary Objective To characterize local disease progression of the medial meniscus transection (MMT) model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) at the molecular level, in order to establish a baseline for therapeutic testing at the preclinical stage. Design Weight-matched male Lewis rats underwent MMT or sham surgery on the left limb with the right leg as contralateral control. At 1 and 3 weeks post-surgery, tissues were harvested from different areas of the articular cartilage (medial and lateral tibial plateaus, and medial osteophyte region) and synovium (medial and lateral), and analyzed separately. RNA was extracted and used for microarray (RT-PCR) analysis. Results Gene expression changes due to surgery were isolated to the medial side of the joint. Gene changes in chondrocyte phenotype of the medial tibial plateau cartilage preceded changes in tissue composition genes. Differences in inflammatory markers were only observed at the osteophyte region at 3 weeks post-surgery. There was surgical noise in the synovium at week 1, which dissipated at week 3. At this later timepoint, meniscal instability resulted in elevated expression of matrix degradation proteins and osteogenic markers in the synovium and cartilage. Conclusion These results suggest feedback interactions between joint tissues during disease progression. Regional tissue expression differences found in MMT joints indicated similar pathophysiology to human OA, and provided novel insights about this degeneration model. The examination of gene expression at a localized level in multiple tissues provides a well-characterized baseline to evaluate mechanistic effects of potential therapeutic agents on OA disease progression in the MMT model.