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Chemical and in vitro bioanalytical assessment of drinking water quality in Manhiça, Mozambique
- Source :
- Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 31:276-288
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Background The chemical quality of drinking water is widely unknown in low-income countries. Objective We conducted an exploratory study in Manhica district (Mozambique) to evaluate drinking water quality using chemical analyses and cell-based assays. Methods We measured nitrate, fluoride, metals, pesticides, disinfection by-products, and industrial organochlorinated chemicals, and conducted the bioassays Ames test for mutagenicity, micronuclei assay (MN-FACS), ER-CALUX, and antiAR-CALUX in 20 water samples from protected and unprotected sources. Results Nitrate was present in all samples (median 7.5 mg/L). Manganese, cobalt, chromium, aluminium, and barium were present in 90-100% of the samples, with median values of 32, 0.6, 2.0, 61, 250 μg/l, respectively. Manganese was above 50 μg/l (EU guideline) in eight samples. Arsenic, lead, nickel, iron, and selenium median values were below the quantification limit. Antimony, cadmium, copper, mercury, zinc and silver were not present. Trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloacetonitriles and haloketones were present in 5-28% samples at levels ≤4.6 μg/l. DDT, dieldrin, diuron, and pirimiphos-methyl were quantified in 2, 3, 3, and 1 sample, respectively (range 12-60 ng/L). Fluoride was present in one sample (0.11 mg/l). Trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene were not present. Samples were negative in the in vitro assays. Significance Results suggest low exposure to chemicals, mutagenicity, genotoxicity and endocrine disruption through drinking water in Manhica population. High concentration of manganese in some samples warrants confirmatory studies, given the potential link to impaired neurodevelopment.
- Subjects :
- education.field_of_study
Cadmium
Haloacetic acids
Epidemiology
Population
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
chemistry.chemical_element
030501 epidemiology
Toxicology
medicine.disease_cause
Pollution
Ames test
Mercury (element)
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
chemistry
Environmental chemistry
medicine
Water quality
0305 other medical science
education
Fluoride
Genotoxicity
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1559064X and 15590631
- Volume :
- 31
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........872bde67de25489fc70fd02a27a62e58