Cystectomy and Bladder Reconstruction for Bladder Cancer

The control of muscle invasive carcinoma of the urinary bladder remains a challenge for the urological oncologist and the best management is still controversial. The treatment options include radical cystectomy, full-thickness transurethral resection (TUR), radiotherapy and chemotherapy — either alone or in combination with other treatments. Radical cystectomy has become accepted as the “gold-standard” against which other treatments are compared — even though survival rates after cystectomy in any one series can be difficult to compare with others owing to differences in patient selection and recent improvement in anaesthetic techniques.