Revisiting Inhibition Effects of miR-28 as a Metastasis Suppressor in Gastrointestinal Cancers

Abstract: Despite repeated attempts to discover and develop novel effective therapeutic platforms, major hurdles remain to treat gastrointestinal cancers. The discovery of novel biomarkers is an important step in cancer treatment. MiRNAs have appeared as potent prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for a variety of cancers, including gastrointestinal cancers. They are quick, easy to detect, noninvasive, and inexpensive. MiR-28 is associated with a variety of gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, liver, and colorectal cancer. MiRNA expression is deregulated in cancer cells. Hence, the miRNAs expression patterns can be used to detect the subgroups of patients, the result is getting early detection and efficient treatment. miRNAs have an oncogenic or tumor-suppressor role based on tumor tissue, and cell types. It has been shown that dysregulation of miR-28 is involved in GI cancer occurrence, cancer cell growth and metastasis. Due to the limitations of single research and the lack of consensus results, in this review, we aim to summarize the current research advances in the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of circulating miR-28 levels in human gastrointestinal cancers.