Additional file 1: of Symbiotic microbes affect the expression of male reproductive genes in Glossina m. morsitans

The effect of tetracycline treatment on the maternal transmission of tsetse endosymbionts. PCR assays on genomic DNA showing that GmmWT flies were positive for Wigglesworthia (Wig Thic), Sodalis (Sod SsaC) and Wolbachia (Wol GroEL), whereas offspring resulting from tetracycline-treated flies lack all three symbionts. The bottom panel shows the amplification of tsetse tubulin beta-1 gene on all samples. A and B lanes represent two PCR replicates performed on pooled genomic DNA from ten males and ten females extracted either at 2 and 8 days post-emergence. (PDF 1070Â kb)