Undamped propagation of photons in optical fibers

TI ;resent papa establishes tI photonic superginding t1oiy in polar aystals with a high non1inrity Inthe microscoic tIoiy it is shown that photons can feel an attractive efftive interaction by exthan d virtualphonoi. Such an intaction leads to tl supaguiding state, in which the photons with ooalte wave vtoiand spins are bound into pairs The photon pairs travel without stting attenuations. In the semidascaI the-. ory we find that polar crystals with a high nonlinearity are self- &foaising media with dispersion and the opti— cal fibers made from such crystals n progate temporal solitcis without dispersion. If the photons propagating in such a waveguide enter the superguicling state, the waveguide exhibits both an ultralow eirgy loss and a high transmission rate. 1. INTRODUCTION Recently son iw concepts of photons analogous to those of elerons have been propcsed Berry hasrecognized in quantum mechanics a topolojcaI phase factor aring from the adiattic transport of a systemaround a dosi &CL1L