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Elaeis guineensis-activated carbon for methylene blue removal: adsorption capacity and optimization using CCD-RSM
- Source :
- Environment, Development and Sustainability. 23:11732-11750
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The activated biochar is a carbonaceous material obtained from thermal degradation of biomass with high adsorption potential. On the other hand, the high production cost has still limited its use in large-scale, so that low-cost raw materials derived from biomass have been encouraged. For instance, waste from palm oil industry, such as palm endocarp (Elaeis guineenses), has shown high potential to produce cheaper activated carbon since high amount of palm residues are annually generated worldwide. Moreover, as far as we know, Elaeis guineensis-biochar activated by ZnCl2 has not been tested as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) removal. In addition, optimization studies on activation variables focused on maximizing MB removal are still scarce. This work aims to investigate the adsorption capacity of the Elaeis guineensis-activated carbon for MB removal and to find optimized conditions. Thermo-chemical activation was carried out using ZnCl2. Temperature ( $$T$$ ), activation time ( $$t$$ ) and particle size ( $$PS$$ ) were the variables evaluated through a full factorial design. The optimal condition was obtained based on central composite design (CCD) and surface response methodology (RSM) techniques. Kinetic and equilibrium studies were also carried out. CCD and RSM predicted an optimal MB removal of 93.2% adopting 0.05 g of activated biochar, PS = 65 mesh, $$T\hspace{0.17em}$$ = 700 °C and $$t\hspace{0.17em}$$ = 3 h. Kinetic and adsorption equilibrium results agreed to pseudo second-order model and Langmuir’s model, respectively. Finally, Elaeis guineensis showed to be a promising feedstock to produce activated biochar aiming MB removal from water and wastewater.
- Subjects :
- Economics and Econometrics
Langmuir
Materials science
biology
Central composite design
Geography, Planning and Development
0211 other engineering and technologies
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Raw material
biology.organism_classification
Elaeis guineensis
01 natural sciences
Adsorption
Elaeis
Chemical engineering
Biochar
medicine
021108 energy
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Activated carbon
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15732975 and 1387585X
- Volume :
- 23
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environment, Development and Sustainability
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........91a123dded2afe3ebca5714533135db8