Ambient laser-based mass spectrometry analysis methods: a survey of core technologies and reported applications

Recent advancements in laser-based transfer of molecules into the gas phase for subsequent analysis with mass spectrometry have allowed decoupling between vaporization (i.e., desorption) and ionization of analytes. This decoupling has allowed individual optimization of the “desorption” and “ionization” steps, giving birth to the field of ambient laser-based mass spectrometry. In these techniques, analytes are efficiently desorbed and ionized before transfer to internal ion optics of the mass analyzers operating under vacuum. Lasers have been instrumental in ambient mass spectrometry due to their multimodal capabilities of desorption and/or ionization. A survey of common laser-based mass spectrometry technologies for analysis under ambient conditions is provided.