Energy Security and Sustainability: An Overview

Every living entity requires internal energy, derived through biological process, for survival, growth, and sustenance. Human being is an exception in the sense that they need additional energy from external sources to accomplish their quest for excellence. The availability and adequacy of external energy and reliability of its supply whether commercial or non-commercial affect economic productivity, development, and sustenance. The process of global split between energy-rich and energy-poor that started with industrial revolution continues till date and each nation is working relentlessly to ensure secure supply of energy from renewable and non-renewable sources. Energy indicators are developed, and projections are done to assess future energy scenario and an understanding of complete energy flow and bottlenecks. India has been undergoing transformative changes since independence with population, poverty, and energy as the pivotal challenge. With the passage of every day, India faces the toughest challenge of energizing its economic development through power generation that is highly dependent on imports of oil, gas, solar panel, and wind turbines. With climate-related disasters becoming too intense and frequent, India has no option but to race ahead in replacing dirty fuels with renewables.