Potential for Utilizing Coal Combustion Residues in Co-Utilization Products

Approximately 90 millions tons of coal combustion by-products are produced annually in the United States, consisting of 54 million tons of fly ash (solid particles removed from smoke), 15 million tons of bottom ash, 3 million tons of boiler slag, and 20 million tons of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) material. Markets for boiler slag are well developed, but only 33% of bottom ash, 25% of fly ash and 8% of FGD residues are beneficially used.