Evaluating the Output of a Car-Mounted Photovoltaic Module Under Driving Conditions

In this article, we measured and estimated the outputs of car-mounted PV panels under actual driving conditions and different effective shading angles. On a sunny day, the performance ratio ( PR ) decreased to 0.99, despite the decrease in module temperature caused by the increased wind speed when driving. The PR decreased because of the effect of partial shading over the PV module. Public infrastructure could have led to dynamic partial shading passing across the PV module at high speeds. Furthermore, the effective shading angle being close to the sun's altitude could also have led to static partial shading. In contrast, on an overcast day the PR value was almost the same ( $>$ 1) under both driving and parking conditions; this was because of the low module temperature and the spectrum effect.