An Emergency Department Paramedic Staffing Model Significantly Improves EMS Transport Unit Offload Time – A Novel Approach to an ED Crowding Challenge

Objective: We assessed the impact of emergency department (ED) paramedic staffing on emergency medical services (EMS) unit offload time, an intervention designed to assist with EMS unit patient offload when the ED is at full bed capacity. Methods: This prospective pre/post intervention study assessed patients offloaded via the regional EMS system at an urban tertiary care teaching hospital. Three groups were compared: 1) a pre-paramedic group with data obtained prior to any paramedics staffing the ED; 2) a transition (control) group with data obtained during paramedic orientation; and 3) a post-paramedic group with data measured after paramedics were staffing the ED. Research assistants stationed in the ambulance bay of the ED enrolled a convenience sample of patients for seven consecutive days and recorded offload time as patients were brought in by EMS. The primary outcome measure was offload time (the interval between patient arrival via EMS and transfer of patient care to an ED stretcher). Results: A total of 519 offloaded patients were assessed: 207 in the pre-paramedic period, 93 in the transition (control) period and 219 in the post-paramedic period. Overall median offload times (in minutes) in the preparamedic and post-paramedic groups were 10 [IQR 4-32] versus 4 [IQR 1-16] respectively (p