Conventional and nontraditional delivery methods and routes of vaccine administration

The vaccine delivery route is a crucial determinant of effective vaccination. In fact, for a correct presentation of the antigen to the recipient’s immune system, the antigen needs to be in its native conformation and an optimal amount. Up today, the general vaccine administration is mainly by the intramuscular or the subcutaneous injection. However, in the past years, many alternative administration methods and new body sites have been investigated as new targets for vaccine delivery. In this chapter, the conventional and nontraditional delivery system (in particular, seven different methods to overcome the corneum stratum barrier, such as the mucosal and the nasal administration route) are discussed.