Pediatric Urinary System Neoplasms

Pediatric urinary system neoplasms are a diverse group of tumors that frequently overlap in their clinical and radiologic features. By contrast, the histopathologic classification and treatment of these entities have become increasingly refined, resulting in improved outcomes, with the overall survival of Wilms tumors now exceeding 90%. Significantly, many contemporary protocols rely on radiologic diagnosis in the absence of tissue confirmation. This review article provides up-to-date clinical, epidemiologic, and imaging findings of pediatric urinary system neoplasms and their mimics frequently encountered in daily clinical practice.