Biofertigation in fruit crops: Concept and application

Biofertigation was generated with three areas of agricultural knowledge involved: soil fertility, soil microbiology, and irrigation. Bioliquids have evaluated sheep manure vermicompost with Bacillus subtilis and applied as biofertigation on apple yield and nutrition. The application efficiency of the water was 90.2% and the deficiency 9.8%. The vermicompost period had 59 days, the mesophyll with 4 days, the thermophilic with 31 days, the cooling of 15 days, and the maturation of 9 days. The salinity was 16.51 dS/m in the liquid of vermicompost; the level of 3 L/ha presented the highest concentration of elements. The maximum population of B. subtilis was 28.3 × 106 CFU/mL; in the root, it was 1.07 × 104 CFU/g; and the highest yield was 12.17 t/ha with 3 L/ha and maximum response. The foliar concentration was sufficient in N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Si and deficient in P, Fe, Zn, B, and Se.