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Microbial and enzymatic degradation of PCBs from e-waste-contaminated sites: a review
Microbial and enzymatic degradation of PCBs from e-waste-contaminated sites: a review
- Source :
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 28:10474-10487
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Electronic waste is termed as e-waste and on recycling it produces environmental pollution. Among these e-waste pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are significantly important due to ubiquitous, organic in nature and serious health and environmental hazards. PCBs are used in different electrical equipment such as in transformers and capacitors for the purposes of exchange of heat and hydraulic fluids. Bioremediation is a reassuring technology for the elimination of the PCBs from the environment. In spite of their chemical stability, there are several microbes which can bio-transform or mineralize the PCBs aerobically or anaerobically. In this review paper, our objective was to summarize the information regarding PCB-degrading enzymes and microbes. The review suggested that the most proficient PCB degraders during anaerobic condition are Dehalobacter, Dehalococcoides, and Desulfitobacterium and in aerobic condition are Burkholderia, Achromobacter, Comamonas, Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Alcaligenes etc., showing the broadest substrate among bacterial strains. Enzymes found in soil such as dehydrogenases and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) esterases have the capability to breakdown PCBs. Biphenyl upper pathway involves four enzymes: dehydrogenase (bphB), multicomponent dioxygenase (bphA, E, F, and G), second dioxygenase (bphC), hydrolase, and (bphD). Biphenyl dioxygenase is considered as the foremost enzyme used for aerobic degradation of PCBs in metabolic pathway. It has been proved that several micro-organisms are responsible for the PCB metabolization. The review provides novel strategies for e-waste-contaminated soil management.
- Subjects :
- Dehalococcoides
Comamonas
biology
Chemistry
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
food and beverages
Environmental pollution
General Medicine
Dehalobacter
010501 environmental sciences
Biodegradation
biology.organism_classification
01 natural sciences
Pollution
Bioremediation
Dioxygenase
Environmental chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Alcaligenes
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16147499 and 09441344
- Volume :
- 28
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........a91297e2583a0e912d10f6d99f3927c2
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11996-2