Standardization and validation of k0-based Neutron Activation Analysis using Apsara-U reactor and its application to pure iron metal and coal sample for trace element determination

The k 0 -NAA method has been standardized by characterizing the G4 irradiation position of the upgraded Apsara (Apsara-U) reactor. The sub-cadmium to epithermal neutron flux ratio (f) and epithermal neutron flux shape factor ( α ) were determined taking dual (197Au and 94Zr), triple (197Au, 94Zr and 96Zr) and multi (197Au, 59Co, 64Zn, 68Zn, 96Zr and 94Zr) flux monitors using Cadmium ratio method. The value of f was found to be 19.94 ± 1.02 with average value of α as −0.027 ± 0.004. The method was validated by analysing SMELS-II (synthetic multielemental standards) and geological certified reference material (Andesite, AGV-1), wherein results are in good agreement with certified or recommended values. The k 0 -based NAA method was applied for chemical characterization of pure Iron metal and coal samples. The results obtained were further compared with ICP-OES analysis and the values are found to be in good agreement ( t t critical ) for all the elements determined. F-test was also performed in order to show the reliability of the results in terms of standard deviations.