Universally composable secure geographic area verification without pre-shared secret

The geographic area information of smart devices is required for realizing efficient area-based operations in 5G networks, Internet of Things, and so on. Because majority of smart devices are unmanned and are deployed in a hostile environment, secure geographic area verification is one of the important security issues for ensuring the accuracy of geographic area information of smart devices. In this study, we investigate the composition security of geographic area verification in a universally composable (UC) framework. First, we design the ideal functionality of geographic area verification; further, we propose a novel pre-shared secret-free secure geographic area verification protocol ${\rm~CAV}_{\delta}$. We also propose an improved protocol ${\rm~CAV}^T_{\delta}$ exhibiting a smaller false accept ratio than that exhibited by ${\rm~CAV}_{\delta}$. The proposed protocols can be used for verifying the geographic area information of smart devices without the requirement of any pre-shared secret during the initialization phase and additional key management when the protocols are running. Furthermore, the proposed protocols support the batch verification of multiple smart devices in one run, which is considered to be suitable for several location-critical smart devices. Subsequently, in the UC framework, we proved that our protocols achieve the necessary composition security and that our protocols exhibit an ability to resist colluding attacks.