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Cyanolichens: a link between the phosphorus and nitrogen cycles in a Hawaiian montane forest
Cyanolichens: a link between the phosphorus and nitrogen cycles in a Hawaiian montane forest
- Source :
- Journal of Tropical Ecology. 28:73-81
- Publication Year :
- 2011
- Publisher :
- Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2011.
-
Abstract
- Low phosphorus (P) supply frequently has been shown to limit the abundance and activity of nitrogen (N)-fixing organisms, potentially constraining N inputs to ecosystems. Previous research in a montane Hawaiian forest has shown that ground-level P-fertilization led to significant increases in the population size of epiphytic N-fixing lichens (cyanolichens), as well as a shift in community composition from crustose to leafy species. In this study, we ask whether these changes in the cyanolichen community have resulted in increased N inputs to the forest, and also whether the very high levels of P in the canopy of P-fertilized forest stimulate individual lichen fixation rates over those of lichens from a nearby unfertilized reference forest. We used acetylene reduction (AR) assays to measure the fixation rates of 14 cyanolichen species from P-fertilized forest, and calibrated these rates by measuring15N2fixation incorporation in four species. We found that the ratio of acetylene reduced to N fixed ranged from 2.4 ± 0.4 inPseudocyphellaria crocatato 9.3 ± 2.4 inLeptogium denticulatum. Nitrogen fixation rates in the P-fertilized forest ranged from 0.64 ± 0.05 nmol N cm−2h−1inNephroma helveticumto 3.97 ± 1.48 nmol N cm−2h−1inParmeliella nigrocincta. Fixation rates did not vary greatly among species from P-fertilized forest. We compared these P-fertilized rates to those of 10 species from the reference forest, and found that mass-based fixation rates of P-fertilized lichens were not greater than those of lichens from the unfertilized forest. Using the measured AR rates, we estimate that the P additions increase cyanolichen N inputs to the forest 30-fold, from ~0.3 kg N ha−1y−1to ~9 kg N ha−1y−1. These results suggest that P additions to this ecosystem increase N inputs primarily by increasing the abundance of cyanolichens, and that shifts in cyanolichen community composition and changes in individual fixation rate were of lesser importance in determining ecosystem N inputs.
Details
- ISSN :
- 14697831 and 02664674
- Volume :
- 28
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Tropical Ecology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........afdb3087d06cfec8b0f6f3c7f8d8d76b
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467411000605