In pregnant women who smoke, caffeine consumption is associated with an increased level of homocysteine

Aim. To investigate whether maternal caffeine consumption is associated with increased maternal homocysteine (Hcy) levels in uncomplicated pregnancies.Methods. Ninety-two pregnant women were randomly selected, and maternal serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, and Hcy at gestational weeks 17 and 33 were measured. Caffeine consumption was estimated from dietary records collected at the same gestational ages.Results. In women who smoked, Hcy levels were associated with caffeine consumption both in gestational weeks 17 and 33 and with folate at week 33. Consumption of one cup of coffee was associated with an increase in maternal Hcy of 0.26 mmol/l at week 17 and 0.69 mmol/l at week 33, indicating that one extra cup (150 ml) of coffee per day may increase Hcy by 5–10% in pregnant smokers. In non-smokers, caffeine consumption was not associated with Hcy levels.Conclusions. In uncomplicated pregnancies, maternal caffeine consumption early in the second and in the third trimester is associated with increased mate...