Special Applications of the Pathways Model

This chapter summarizes unique applications of the Pathways concepts. Several examples are provided, including applications of the Pathways Model in support groups, in intensive outpatient services, and in patients with lifestyle issues and patients with vague, diffuse symptoms, among others. When a group intervention is the most practical, then the Pathways principles are adapted to provide the best care. Some patients with complex psychiatric and medical comorbid chronic illnesses need more than weekly sessions, so an intensive outpatient program using the Pathways Model is detailed. Patients with medically unexplained symptoms often search for ways to cope with their daily suffering, but also the negative reactions of medical professionals to them. This chapter will also attempt to project the Pathways Model into the future, particularly to anticipate what advances people with chronic illness can expect. The use of technology, self-help programs, and better understanding of the biological basis of illness hold great promise for those who struggle every day with pain or depression. Finally, the chapter described the application of the Pathways Model for those who are biologically and psychologically healthy—“not sick”—but who desire to be fully well, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually, with suggestions for implementation.