Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Li1.131Mn0.504Ni0.243Co0.122O2 cathode materials for lithium ion batteries via freeze drying

Well-formed Li 1.131 Mn 0.504 Ni 0.243 Co 0.122 O 2 cathode materials are synthesized via freeze drying followed by a solid state reaction at temperatures of 750–900 °C. Among these oxides, the one synthesized at 800 °C delivers the highest initial discharge capacity of 246.5 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C (1 C = 200 mA g −1 ) between 2.5 V and 4.8 V. Enhancing the discharge rate to 1 C, initial capacity of 197.8 mAh g −1 is obtained, and 78.8% capacity is retained after 50 cycles. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficients of Li + in the lithium-rich layered oxide are about 10 −14 cm 2 s −1 and 10 −15 cm 2 s −1 for the initial charge platform at 3.90 V and 4.55 V, respectively, determined by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). The Li 1.131 Mn 0.504 Ni 0.243 Co 0.122 O 2 prepared by freeze drying is a promising cathode material for lithium ion batteries.