Enhancement of laminar and transitional flow heat transfer in tubes by means of wire coil inserts

This work presents an extensive experimental study on three wire coils of different pitch inserted in a smooth tube in laminar and transition regimes. Isothermal pressure drop tests and heat transfer experiments under uniform heat flux conditions have been carried out. The friction factor increases lie between 5% and 40% in the fully laminar region. The transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow is continuous, without the instabilities and the pressure drop fluctuations that a smooth tube presents. Heat transfer experiments have been performed in the flow ranges: Re = 10 – 2500 , Pr = 200 – 700 and Ra = 3 × 10 6 – 10 8 . At Reynolds numbers below 200, wire coils do not enhance heat transfer with respect to a smooth tube. For Reynolds numbers between 200 and 1000, wire coils remarkably increase heat transfer. At Reynolds numbers above Re ≈ 1000 – 1300 , transition from laminar to turbulent flow takes place. At Reynolds number around 1000, wire inserts increase the heat transfer coefficient up to eight times with respect to the smooth tube. A performance comparison between wire coils and twisted tape inserts has shown that wire inserts perform better than twisted tapes in the low Reynolds number range: Re = 700 – 2500 .