Surgical access to the abdomen

Anatomy of abdominal wall encountered changes with the site of approach. Clearly understanding the anatomy of the abdominal wall is crucial to the art of making the incision for access to the abdomen and has been briefly outlined. The location and type of incision depends on the urgency of surgery, target organ, habitus, cosmesis, and previous scars. The usage of laparoscopic access has increased dramatically and modes of access have been outlined. It is imperative to have safe peritoneal access and achieve requisite closure. The principle of closure rests mostly on the musculoaponeurotic layer. Common complications include haematoma or seroma, surgical site Infections and wound dehiscence.