Data Mining for User Modeling and Personalization in Ubiquitous Spaces

User modeling (UM) has traditionally been concerned with analyzing a user’s interaction with a system and with developing cognitive models that aid in the design of user interfaces and interaction mechanisms. Elements of a user model may include representation of goals, plans, preferences, tasks, and/or abilities about one or more types of users, classification of a user into subgroups or stereotypes, the formation of assumptions about the user based on the interaction history, and the generalization of the interaction histories of many users into groups, among many others.