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On The Security of Block Permutation and Co-XOR in Reversible Data Hiding
- Source :
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology. 32:920-932
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2022.
-
Abstract
- Block permutation and Co-XOR (BPCX) image encryption is a commonly used encryption method for reversible data hiding in the encryption domain, which can effectively improve the embedded capacity and the ability resisting the existing attacks including ciphertext-only attack and known plaintext attack (KPA). This paper proposes a KPA based on bit-block inversion and mean equivalent division (MED) to estimate the block permutation key of BPCX image encryption. Firstly, we divide an image block into the bit-block and point out that the maximum of the numbers of 0 bit and 1 bit of a bit-block before and after the Co-XOR encryption remains unchanged. And then two inversion rules of bit-block are defined to construct pseudo plain-ciphertext images to eliminate the influence of pixel value changes caused by Co-XOR encryption. Finally, the MED based KPA is designed to estimate the block permutation key sequence according to the pseudo plain-ciphertext images. The relationship between the key estimation accuracy and the number of known plain-ciphertext pairs, block size, and pseudo ciphertext are discussed. Experimental results show that even in the minimum block size (2×2), the average estimated correct rate of the block permutation sequence exceeds 40%. The block permutation key estimation accuracy is more than 50% when the block size is greater than 3×3. Some improved encryption methods against the proposed KPA are also given.
- Subjects :
- Computer science
business.industry
02 engineering and technology
Encryption
Permutation
Information hiding
Block (telecommunications)
Known-plaintext attack
Ciphertext
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
Media Technology
Key (cryptography)
020201 artificial intelligence & image processing
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
business
Algorithm
Block size
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15582205 and 10518215
- Volume :
- 32
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........bfeba20b7817df75df4be367f13ce54e