Ovarian Dysgerminoma Associated with Pregnancy: A Case Report from the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center

Background: Dysgerminoma is a germ cell tumor of the ovary usually found in young women. It represents 1% to 2% of all ovarian cancers. The preoperative diagnosis is generally difficult. The surgery and the pathology study are therefore essential for the diagnosis, and optimal management. The incidence of pregnancy with dysgerminoma is extremely low. The treatment and management during pregnancy often jeopardize the materno-fetal prognosis. We report a case of ovarian dysgerminoma in an 18-year-old pregnant woman. Observation: Patient was an 18-year-old, female with no known past medical history, who presented to the emergency room at 29 weeks + 3 days pregnancy with dyspnea and a voluminous uterus (height 42 cm). An ultrasound showed an active pregnancy, and a large vascularized, finely echogenic, multi-partitioned, thick-walled liquid ovarian tumor. Ca125 was 231.5 IU/ml. Ovarian dysgerminoma was suspected. The surgery and the pathology study of the surgical specimen confirmed the suspected diagnosis. Patient died on postoperative day 8. Conclusion: Ovarian dysgerminoma is a rare malignant tumor, which must be suspected in case of complex ovarian mass of young women. When diagnosed during pregnancy, its management jeopardizes the materno-foetal prognosis.