Laminar forced convection heat transfer of nanofluids inside non-circular ducts: A review

The laminar forced convection of fluids flow inside a non-circular duct has been investigated both experimentally and numerically by numerous researchers. These studies mainly focused on exploring the characteristics of nanofluid flow and duct shape to increase the heat transfer coefficient and decrease the pressure drop using various nanoparticle concentration. However, there still exists many challenges which need to be resolved to find out perfect nanofluid and suitable duct shape. This paper summarizes most of the laminar forced convective heat transfer literatures concentrated on the flow inside non-circular ducts in order to identify the challenges and propose the targeted solutions of these problems to improve the overall heat transfer efficiency. This research also analyzed the several parameters such as types of nanoparticles, particle size, host fluid, particle volume concentration, various thermal and hydrodynamic effects characteristics of laminar convective heat transfer with nanofluids. In addition, the paper also offers details on the most widely used correlations used to predict the efficient thermophysical properties of nanofluids.