The effect of Prosopis farcta extract on the expression of some key genes of the glycolysis pathway and the genes involved in insulin signaling in HepG2 cells

Objective Hyperglycemia in patients with Diabetic Mellitus (DM) results from the demolition of islet β cells in the pancreas as well as failure in insulin action or poor response to insulin secretion and there are no further methods to treat diabetes apart from insulin injection and oral hypoglycemic medicines. Thus, the main objective of the current research investigates hydro-alcoholic extracts of Prosopis farcta on impact on the Pyruvate kinase (Pk), Phospho fructo kinase (PFK), Gluco kinase (GK) and signaling insulin Phosphotidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K), Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS1), Glucose Transporter type2 (GLUT2) in HepG2 cells. Method By various concentrations (0–10 mg/ml) of the extract (leaf-root – fruit) for 24 and 48 h, HepG2 cells were cultured and treated in this experimental research. MTT test evaluated cell proliferation by ELISA Reader measured the optical density of the colored solution at 570 nm wavelengths. Real-time-PCR method defined the fold changes of genes expression against β-actin. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Variations with a P-value Results Our results showed cells were treated with various concentrations of extract (leaf-root – fruit) for 24 and 48 h had markedly declined cell viability in HepG2 cell line as compared to controls in a time and dose-dependent methods, an evident deviation is seen between different concentrations of the extracts. Real Time-PCR analysis showed that the expression of glucokinase, phosphofructo and pyruvate kinase were down regulated and expression of IRS1-PI3K-GLUT2 genes were up regulated in compare to control cells (P Conclusion It appears the anti-diabetic impact of the Prosopis farcta plant not to be over the glycolysis path. This acts mechanisms via enhancing the gene expression in the insulin signaling pathway. The plant, thus, may serve to enhance the insulin secretion function through triggering insulin signaling paths and, in turn, inhibiting increased blood glucose impact on diabetic patients. It is, therefore, expected that the various extracts of such plant may have an impact on diabetic patients, type-2 diabetes in particular.