In Situ Monitoring the Growth of HAP Crystal on the Surface of Ti/TiO2 in SBF with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance

The Pre-Ca procedure was applied to the titanium surfaces before immersion in the SBF to accelerate the apatite precipitation. The process of apatite formation on the titanium surfaces was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A QCM system was applied to quantitatively monitor the apatite formation process using biomimetic method in situ in real time and to estimate the effect of pre-calcification in the biomemetic process effectively combined with SEM technique.