DG Penetration in Distribution Networks: A Review

Distribution networks transfer the electrical power the last few miles from transmission to local load centers. These were at first planned as passive systems providing the one directional connection between transmission networks and power end-users. The introduction of Distributed generations (DGs) proposes energy harvesting systems with more flexibility and bidirectional power flows. DGs are intended for generators that are usually employed at a small scale. These generators produce electrical power at places nearer to a consumer or connected to a distribution network. These include both conventional and non-conventional energy resources. In unconnected areas, DGs provide monetary benefits because their installation disposes of the requirement for costly development of distribution and transmission lines. This paper provides a review on significant DG benefits, challenges, applications, drawbacks, and different approaches for DG penetration and gives an insight to power system researchers and engineers for optimal DG planning.