Responsibility of sunflower hybrids to minimize the main tillage of soil in the Trans-Volga region

Peculiarities of changes in soil moisture at various methods of main tillage before sunflower sowing and in the phase of “beginning of flowering” are considered. As a result of two-year observations, it was established that, in the arid conditions of the Saratov Trans-Volga region, before the sunflower sowing, the maximum soil moisture of a layer of 50–100 cm was after non-mold deep cultivation, which exceeded the plowing by 0.2–0.7%, and the minimum one by 0.7– 2.0% of the mass of absolutely dry soil. In the phenological phase of the “beginning of flowering", the best water regime was in 2018 after treatment with SSD-4 by 30–32 cm, and in 2019 in the control 1. Minimization of the main tillage reduces the yield of sunflower oilseeds in comparison with the dump cultivation by 32.8–46.2%. Deep subsurface cultivation increases the productivity of sunflower by 3.1–7.5%. The most productive sunflower hybrids for the Saratov Trans-Volga region are from the group of early ripening crops - Svetoch (1.56 t / ha), mid-early - the EU Savana (1.63 t/ha), mid-ripening EU Generalis SL (1.47 t/ha).