Holocene moisture evolution and its response to atmospheric circulation recorded by aeolian deposits in the southern Tibetan Plateau

The pattern of changes in Holocene moisture conditions in the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the associated driving mechanism are still controversial. Here, we present the results of an analysis of an aeolian sedimentary sequence from the Yarlung Zangbo River valley in the southern TP, which potentially provides a record of changes in moisture conditions during the Holocene, and hence changes in the atmospheric circulation process. Optically stimulated luminescence dating with the single-aliquot regeneration protocol was used to establish the chronology for the sequence, and geochemical and granulometric measurements were used to reconstruct the Holocene moisture history. The results indicate that moisture conditions were strongly influenced by the early Holocene maximum in summer insolation (30°N) and hence by the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), under which the weathering intensity was relatively high. However, at ∼7.6 ka the climate abruptly became drier, probably due to the weakening of the ISM. Subsequently, with the further decrease in summer insolation and increase in winter insolation, the variations in ISM-related moisture delivery to the southern TP were regulated by the enhanced winter mid-latitude Westerlies (MLW), resulting in increasing weathering intensity. Thus, the Holocene evolution of moisture conditions in the southern TP was mainly controlled by changes in the relative intensities of the ISM and the winter MLW, which depended on the variations of summer and winter insolation at 30°N. Overall, our results provide an improved understanding of the driving mechanism of climate change in the southern TP during the Holocene.