Strategic Protection Against FDI Attacks With Moving Target Defense in Power Grids

Moving Target Defense (MTD) is a new defensive strategy to protect power system state estimation from cyber attacks. Using the distributed flexible AC transmission system (D-FACTS), MTD works by actively perturbing the branch parameters that are needed to construct the false data injection (FDI) attacks. Although there are many pioneer works on MTD, the relationship between the construction of MTD and detection of FDI attacks has not been revealed. In this paper, we reveal the correlation between the MTD design and FDI detection and optimize MTD's performance in terms of detecting FDI attacks. Moreover, with the aim to reduce the number of measurements that can be compromised by the attacker, we develop a heuristic algorithm to compute a near-optimal solution for the deployment of D-FACTS devices. Furthermore, we prove that the coordinated design of consecutive perturbation schemes within an MTD cycle can improve the performance of MTD in terms of detecting FDI attacks. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations with the IEEE standard test power systems to validate our findings.