Determining essential scales and associated uncertainties for regional atmospheric infrasound propagation by incorporating three-dimensional weather model forecasts

Understanding infrasound propagation is important for geophysical and military applications. Infrasound signatures can be detected from larger sources such as nuclear detonations and from smaller sources such as bridges, dams, and buildings. Infrastructure sources produce signals of lower amplitude, leading to more regional (up to 150 km) propagation. However, current methods for calculating regional infrasound propagation involve assumptions about the atmosphere, such as horizontal homogeneity, that deviate from more realistic environmental conditions and decrease the accuracy of the infrasound predictions. To remedy this issue, we have interfaced three-dimensional forecasts from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological model with range-dependent parabolic equation propagation models. To test the improvement of infrasound propagation predictions with more realistic weather data, we conducted sensitivity studies with different propagation ranges and horizontal resolutions and compared the...