Clinical application of extracellular vesicles: a systematic review

Extracellular vesicles (EV)s are emerging as novel tools for the diagnosis and therapy of a range of diseases and conditions. However, given the large heterogeneity in the methods used for their collection and preparation and the lack of a standardized process for their application, few approaches reached the clinical stage. In this systematic review, we aim at summarizing the existing literature covering the use of EVs for therapeutic purposes in human clinical studies.