Numerical investigation on the water vaporization during semi dry flue gas desulfurization in a three-dimensional spouted bed

Gas–solid two-phase flow and water vaporization processes tend to have a significant impact on the efficiency of flue gas desulfurization with a powder-particle spouted bed. According to the numerical results obtained in this study, the 2D spouted bed developed a classic three-area flow, and the 3D spouted bed entered into a bubbling-like state. The gas and particles flowed in the opposite direction at the junction of the cone and cylinder. The water vaporization rate was higher at the junction of the spout area and the annulus area, lower at the center of the spout area, and the lowest in the annulus area of the 3D spouted bed. Furthermore, it was found that a larger gas velocity, a higher liquid temperature, and a lower gas humidity leads to a higher water vaporization process.