Sol–gel synthesis of fluoride optical materials for planar integrated photonic applications

The sol–gel synthesis of fluoride materials provides a viable and low-cost method for achieving planar and bulk devices for integrated photonic applications. This paper describes these prospects and methods for the experimental development of patterned and waveguiding films. The sol–gel synthesis from both metal-organic and inorganic precursor systems is discussed in relation to their potential for passive and active device applications.