Hydroconversion characteristics and kinetics of residue narrow fractions

Chinese Dagang atmospheric residue, Arabian light and medium vacuum residues were subjected to supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation (SFEF). Each residue was fractionated into eight narrow extractable fractions with increasing molecular weight (MW) and polarity, and a non-extractable end-cut. Catalytic hydroprocessing of residue SFEF fractions were carried out in a 100 ml autoclave in the presence of two crushed, commercial Ni–Mo catalysts. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reactivities decreased as the MW and/or aromaticity of residue fraction increased. Decreased HDS and HDN reactivities were due to increased diffusion resistance and decreased intrinsic reactivity, respectively. Even though the properties of residues varied, coke yield, sulfur and nitrogen removal data for all SFEF fractions correlated well with the recently proposed feedstock characteristic index, KH. Sulfur and nitrogen removals for SFEF fractions with KH value less than 6, were comparable to those in thermal cracking. The heavy fractions, especially the end-cut, inhibit catalytic reactivity of the light fractions. As a result, use of the bulk sample analysis for the whole residue is misleading to determine the reactivity of residue. The SFEF end-cut was the most refractory fraction of the residue, which had a much higher coking propensity than all the SFEF fractions. Product gas yields were similar for all SFEF fractions, except for the end-cut which was 50% higher. As the SFEF fractions became heavier, the coke yield increased at the expense of light and middle distillate yields. The performance of two commercial catalysts was similar.