Determination of the geographical origin of wine using joint analysis of elemental and isotopic composition. II—Differentiation of the principal production zones in france for the 1990 vintage

Stable isotope analysis of grape juices and fermented products involving 2H-NMR spectroscopy and isotope ratio mass spectroscopy was carried out in combination with elemental determinations performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy using flame and thermal ionisation. One hundred and sixty five grape samples were carefully collected in well-defined vineyards of France situated in Alsace, Burgundy, Beaujolais and the Loire Valley. Moreover, the samples from Burgundy were picked from four typical Appellations (Cǒtes de Nuits, Cǒtes de Beaune, Cǒtes Chalonnaises and Mǎconnais) in order to ‘zoom’ the approach to smaller production areas. An exhaustive statistical evaluation of the 165 ± 16 data set was carried out by analysis of variance and principal component analysis. To conclude this study, the classification of the samples in typical Appellations was carried out by discriminant analysis with a nearly 100% degree of achievement.