New Copper wide range nanosensor electrode prepared by physical vapor deposition at oblique angles for the non-enzimatic determination of glucose

A B S T R A C T In this work a novel Cu nanostructured electrode is presented. Cu tilted nanocolumnar and porous thin films have been prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) in an oblique angle configuration and characterized by different techniques. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry were used to study the sensing ability of the copper films deposited on ITO to quantitatively determine glucose and to optimize the experimental conditions of detection. Scanning electron microscopy data revealed that the film microstructure consists of tilted nanocolumns of around 70 nm of diameter and an inclination of 65 � with respect to the surface normal that extend through the total thickness of the layer of ca. 300 nm. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman, used to determine the oxidation state of Cu, revealed that an oxy/hydroxide external layer formed around the nanocolumns is the active phase responsible for the electrocatalytic detection of glucose. Under optimized conditions, the CuO/Cu nanoporous/ITO electrode presented a sensitivity of 1.41 A mol dm � 3 cm � 2 (R 2 :0.999) with a limit of detection of 0.36 mmol dm � 3 and a reproducibility of 3.42%.The selectivity of the proposed sensor was checked against various interferences, including physiological compounds, different sugars and ethanol, thereby showing excellent anti-interference properties. The CuO/Cu nanoporous/ITO electrode was also used successfully to determine glucose in blood samples showing a performance comparable to that of a commercial glucometer. An extended working range covering from 1 to 5 � 10 � 3 mol dm � 3 was determined for these sensor films which, in this way, could be applied for different analytical purposes including agro industrial liquids.