Municipal Solid Waste Incineration and Sustainable Development

Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration in waste-to-energy plants plays an important role in waste management systems of developed countries, since the increasing amounts of waste cannot be all recycled, and diverting waste from landfilling is a priority. On the other hand, proper MSW management is a fundamental part of sustainable development, which requires the balance of the economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Thus, this chapter explores sustainability issues about MSW incineration with energy recovery. For this purpose, an overview of the MSW management systems is presented and incineration technology is highlighted. Subsequently, the three dimensions of sustainable development are explored regarding MSW incineration with energy recovery. Environmental considerations related to air emissions and solid residues from MSW incineration are discussed. Concerning economic issues, the costs and revenues of incineration treatment are reviewed. Finally, the social context of this management option is provided, pointing out public concerns and studies addressing these aspects.