AB1289 Systemic factors that affect the progression of periodontal disease in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis

Background An association between Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and Periodontal Disease(PD) has been reported. However, predicting factors of PD progression in patients with eRA are lacking Objectives To establish the predictive factors for progression of PD in patients with eRA including clinical and serological active scores of RA and status of PD Methods This cohort study evaluated the progression of PD at 280 inter-proximal dental sites in 28 patients within 2 years of diagnosis with eRA and they were evaluated to establish their progression through one year of follow-up. Adult patients were classified according to the 2010 ACR and the EULAR criteria. Periodontal diagnosis was established based on the AAP and the CDC and Prevention criteria. Serum markers of RA (rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), and anticitrullinated protein antibodies (APCAs) were evaluated, disease activity was assessed by disease activity score (DAS28-ESR) AND the simplified disease activity index (SDAI). Plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were evaluated at baseline and at one year follow-up. Data were analysed to establish predictive generalised linear mixed models (GLMM) for clinical attachment loss progression at each site with ≥2 or≥3 mm CAL Results The patients included had an average age of 47.5±12.69 and 75% were women. The comorbidity given by the habit of smoking actively occurred only in 1% of patients. The 35.71% had levels of ESR >20 mm3/h and 39% APCA positive while in 60.71% had CRP ≥3 mg/L and 67.86% of patients had a positive FR. Regarding the indices of activity of the disease, DAS28-PCR>2.6 was found in 67.86% of the patients and SDAI scale >3.3 in 75%. 71.43% of the patients were being treated with DMARD and corticoid therapy. 71.43% of patients had a diagnosis of periodontitis. CAL≥2 mm and ≥3 mm was observed at 15% and 7.5% of dental sites, respectively. Factors associated with CAL in dental sites were: age, ESR, RF, DAS28, treatment with DMARD-Corticoids, periodontal pocket, CAL and percentage of CAL>5 mm, plaque index, gingival index and haemorrhage. Variables RA associated with activity such as CRP, DAS28, and SDAI showed a similar behaviour and they were more frequently associated in periodontal progressive sites. The principal predictive periodontal factors were the percentage of sites with CAL>5 mm and high gingival inflammation at baseline. Patients receiving combined treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) and corticosteroids exhibited less CAL. The predictive values of the GLMM for CAL of ≥3 and≥2 mm were 98% and 82%, respectively Conclusions Systemic factors as disease activity score and serum biomarkers such as baseline periodontal status are associated with periodontal disease progression in early RA patients. It is known that the very low daily dose prednisolone in combination DMARD therapy substantially decreased radiographic progression and it could influence periodontal disease progression too in patients with RA in early stages of the disease Reference [1] Bello-Gualtero JM,et al.J Periodontol.2016;87:346 Disclosure of Interest None declared