Archaeological Field and Analytical Studies for the Community Noise Reduction Program, Phoenix, Arizona

This report is the first of two technical reports that present the results of archaeological and historical studies conducted by Desert Archaeology, Inc., and Arizona Preservation Consultants personnel for the City of Phoenix (City) Community Noise Reduction Program and associated Voluntary Acquisition and Relocation Services (CNRP-VARS) Program. Residential parcels within seven City-defined neighborhoods were the focus of archaeological investigations, including: North Neighborhood, AZ T:12:258 (ASM); Eastlake Park Neighborhood, AZ T:12:259 (ASM); El Campito Barrio, AZ T:12:260 (ASM); Cuatro Milpas Barrio, AZ T:12:261 (ASM); Ann Ott Barrio, AZ T:12:262 (ASM); Green Valley Barrio, AZ T:12:263 (ASM); and Rio Salado San Juan Bautista Barrio, AZ T:12:264 (ASM). The names were established as each neighborhood was annexed by the City, and mirror names used historically by the residents of the neighborhood. The term barrio, the Spanish word for neighborhood, reflects those neighborhoods populated primarily by residents of Hispanic descent. Site numbers were assigned per Arizona State Museum (ASM) protocols for archaeological investigations. CNRP-VARS work continues as of this writing, although the City plans to sunset the program in 2016. Consequently, some archaeological work, specifically demolition monitoring, also continues. However, because the bulk of archaeological and historical studies for the CNRP-VARS project had been completed by late 2011, VARS staff, the City Archaeologist, and Desert Archaeology agreed that the time was propitious to report results of the project. These parties also agreed that 30 June 2012, the end of the City's fiscal year, would be the cut-off point for inclusion of on-going monitoring results. Archaeological results postdating the end of June 2012 will be reported as an addendum to this report at the conclusion of all CNRP-VARS archaeological work. Due to the breadth of research and its many elements, Desert Archaeology elected to present the project's technical findings in two reports. This first technical report, Archaeological Field and Analytical Studies for the Community Noise Reduction Program, Phoenix, Arizona, is data oriented, providing specific details and results of the historical, archaeological, and analytical work for the project. The second technical report, Settling the Salt River Floodplain: Perspectives from the Community Noise Reduction Program, Phoenix, Arizona, is an interpretive report that synthesizes this body of work in the context of research issues and directions posed at the outset of the CNRP-VARS project. This first chapter provides background information about the project, descriptions of tasks accomplished, and summaries of the results of each task. Archival histories of residential parcels receiving archaeological data recovery efforts are presented in Chapter 2. Field methods, parcel-specific fieldwork, and feature descriptions are the subject of Chapter 3. Analytical studies of specific classes of recovered archaeological and cultural material are provided in Chapters 4-12, with supporting data provided in Appendices A-E. Appendix F provides maps prepared in accordance with state documentation standards for data recovery reports.