Heat transfer on a hypersonic sphere with gas injection

The interaction of a diffusing outgas flow from a sphere nose opposing a hypersonic free stream is studied numerically using the direct simulation Monte-Carlo technique under the transitional rarefied-gas-flow regime conditions at Knudsen numbers from 0.016 to 1.5 and blowing factors from 0.15 to 1.5. Strong influences of the blowing factor (the ratio of outgas mass flux to upstream mass flux) and the Knudsen number on the flow structure about a sphere (temperature fields and the configuration of mixing flow zones) and on heat distributions along the spherical surface have been found. At large blowing factors, the injected gas significantly reduces heat flux in wide area near the spherical nose. This effect is more pronounced for light gas (helium) injection in the near-continuum flow.