Paper for URSI 2011, Istanbul

Extreme electromagnetic anomalies in the ionosphere and and their future implications. There are many unusual and interesting anomalies in the ionosphere resulting from abnormal and even severe electromagnetic conditions. These anomalies are not often recognised as being any more significant than simply unusual. However they may have long term implications which should be considered in the light of the continually changing global atmosphere. This paper will not attempt to cover the whole gamut of ionospheric anomalies but will suggest somereasoning behind the occurrence of some of them, which gives opportunities for future consideration of the phenomenon.