A transient two-phase flow model for production prediction of tight gas wells with fracturing fluid-induced formation damage

A major concern with hydraulic fracturing in tight formation is the fracturing fluid-induced formation damage (FFIFD) for the high capillary pressure and the presence of water-sensitive clays. Analytical and semi-analytical models are good choices for formation damage evaluation comparing to computationally expensive numerical simulations, particularly in early times when there is limited information about the formation properties. However, the effects of FFIFD and two-phase flow are not addressed in many analytical models. This paper presents a semi-analytical model for this problem with the consideration of both FFIFD and two-phase flow. First, the physical model and mathematical fundamentals of the model are presented. The triple-porosity model is modified to capture the formation damage caused by fracturing fluid. A low permeability fracturing fluid invasion layer (FFIL) is used to characterize leakoff caused clay swelling and polymer adsorption in the matrix pores, and two-phase flow is assumed in the fractures to capture the choking effects. The analytical solution is obtained in the Laplace domain, and a successive iteration is used to update the dynamic parameters by coupling the flowing material balance equations. Then, the commercial numerical simulator Eclipse is used to validate the precision of the semi-analytical model, and several synthetical cases are presented to study the effects of two-phase flow, and the permeability and width of FFIL on gas production rate. Finally, a field case is provided to test the application of the proposed model. The main contribution of this paper is the provision of a simple yet versatile semi-analytical model for production prediction and analysis with the consideration of fracture networks, FFIFD, and two-phase flow. It serves as a good tool for making production prediction and production data analysis for hydraulically fractured tight gas wells.