Employing lignin in the formation of the selective layer of thin-film composite membranes for pervaporation desalination

This work reports a study on employing lignin in the formation of a selective layer of thin-film composite (TFC) membranes for pervaporation desalination. The TFC membranes with lignin-based separation layers are fabricated using a solution-casting method. With a reduction of the separation layer thickness to about 0.47 μm, a water permeation flux of 18.5 kg h−1 m−2 and a salt rejection of above 99.95% have been recorded on the lignin based TFC membrane with a feeding solution of 3.5 wt% NaCl(aq) at 45 °C. The membrane also exhibits high stability in long-term operation tests and can be applied for operations on high salinity water (up to 15 wt% NaCl(aq)). While being applied to seawater desalination, the membrane exhibits a water permeation flux of about 20.4 kg h−1 m−2 and a salt rejection of above 99.95% at 45 °C. A membrane separation process, which uses sustainable materials for salty wastewater treatments and water resource generation, has been demonstrated.