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Cardiovascular benefits associated with higher dietary K+ vs. lower dietary Na+: evidence from population and mechanistic studies
- Source :
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 312:E348-E356
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- American Physiological Society, 2017.
-
Abstract
- The World Health Organization ranks hypertension the leading global risk factor for disease, specifically, cardiovascular disease. Blood pressure (BP) is higher in Westernized populations consuming Na+-rich processed foods than in isolated societies consuming K+-rich natural foods. Evidence suggests that lowering dietary Na+ is particularly beneficial in hypertensive individuals who consume a high-Na+ diet. Nonetheless, numerous population studies demonstrate a relationship between higher dietary K+, estimated from urinary excretion or dietary recall, and lower BP, regardless of Na+ intake. Interventional studies with K+ supplementation suggest that it provides a direct benefit; K+ may also be a marker for other beneficial components of a “natural” diet. Recent studies in rodent models indicate mechanisms for the K+ benefit: the distal tubule Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC) controls Na+ delivery downstream to the collecting duct, where Na+ reabsorbed by epithelial Na+ channels drives K+ secretion and excretion through K+ channels in the same region. High dietary K+ provokes a decrease in NCC activity to drive more K+ secretion (and Na+ excretion, analogous to the actions of a thiazide diuretic) whether Na+ intake is high or low; low dietary K+ provokes an increase in NCC activity and Na+ retention, also independent of dietary Na+. Together, the findings suggest that public health efforts directed toward increasing consumption of K+-rich natural foods would reduce BP and, thus, cardiovascular and kidney disease.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty
education.field_of_study
Physiology
business.industry
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Population
Disease
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
World health
Dietary Potassium
03 medical and health sciences
030104 developmental biology
0302 clinical medicine
Endocrinology
Blood pressure
Dietary Sodium
TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY
Physiology (medical)
Internal medicine
Medicine
business
education
Global risk
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15221555 and 01931849
- Volume :
- 312
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........fa17f9dfc73178f9a720278ccd1a8f81
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00453.2016